Which sociologist is known for developing the concept of social capital?

The concept of social capital is attributed to Pierre Bourdieu, who explored how social networks, relationships, and connections contribute to an individual's ability to achieve their goals and navigate through society effectively. Bourdieu argued that social capital is a crucial resource that enables individuals and groups to access additional advantages, such as economic and cultural capital, thereby impacting their social status and position within the societal structure.

Bourdieu’s framework suggests that social capital can be built through relationships and social networks, thus enhancing one's ability to access opportunities and resources. This idea is essential in understanding how individuals from different backgrounds can experience varying levels of social mobility and success based on their social connections.

In contrast, the other sociologists mentioned made significant contributions to sociology but did not specifically develop the concept of social capital in the way Bourdieu did. For example, Karl Marx focused on class struggle and economic factors influencing societal structures, while Max Weber emphasized bureaucracy, authority, and the role of culture. Émile Durkheim's work mainly centered around social cohesion and the collective conscience, without direct reference to social capital as a concept.