What does differential association theory assert about deviance?

Differential association theory, developed by Edwin Sutherland, posits that deviance is not an inherent quality of individuals but rather is learned behavior. This theory emphasizes that people learn criminal and deviant behaviors through their interactions with others, particularly within their social circles or significant relationships.

The core idea is that individuals are influenced by the values, norms, and behaviors they are exposed to within their environment. If someone is surrounded by peers or family members who engage in or condone deviant behavior, they are more likely to adopt those behaviors as they incorporate the attitudes and practices of those around them. This approach shifts the focus from biological predisposition or economic status, highlighting the role of socialization in determining behavior.

By understanding deviance through this lens, it helps to illustrate that it is a product of social contexts rather than an individual failing. This understanding is vital as it informs strategies for prevention and intervention, focusing on changing social interactions and environments instead of merely addressing individual actions or traits.