How is "collective consciousness" defined?

The concept of "collective consciousness," primarily associated with the sociologist Émile Durkheim, refers to the set of beliefs, values, norms, and sentiments that are common to a group and serve to unify its members. This shared understanding helps create social cohesion and a sense of belonging among individuals within the society.

By emphasizing the collective nature of societal beliefs, this definition highlights how a group’s identity is shaped by communal experiences and traditions, influencing behaviors and interactions within that society. This foundational aspect of collective consciousness is crucial for maintaining social order and a sense of solidarity, as it fosters a shared worldview among the community members.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of what collective consciousness entails. A shared understanding of individual success leans towards a focus on personal achievement rather than a unified societal belief. Diverse opinions across different groups illustrate a fragmentation of views rather than a cohesive understanding. Individual attitudes and behaviors pertain more to personal perspectives, which are not inherently connected to the collective notions that bind a community together.